What Is COPD?
< img src="https://via.placeholder.com/900x400?text=What+Is+COPD" alt="COPD overview">Definition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It usually refers to two main diseases — chronic bronchitis and emphysema — often occurring together.
Causes
The main cause is long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs, most commonly cigarette smoke. Other causes include air pollution, occupational dust, and genetic factors such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
How COPD Affects the Lungs
In COPD, the airways become narrowed and inflamed, and the lung’s air sacs (alveoli) lose elasticity. This makes it difficult to fully exhale air, leading to shortness of breath and reduced oxygen exchange.